An individual with familial polyposis coli needs continuous and regular evaluation of the colon to monitor the progress of polyps and check the emergence of cancerous growths. This can be done by yearly colonoscopy and biopsy of colon as and when needed. Medications like NSAIDs may be prescribed, which have proved to slow the progression of polyps in some individuals. Surgical intervention is advisable in most of the individuals with familial polyposis coli to remove part of the affected colon. This is called prophylactic colectomy recommended in individuals before the age of 25 years, which helps in preventing malignant degeneration of colonic polyps.

If the individual develops cancer of the colon, then the primary treatment modality is a surgical resection of the cancerous part of the bowel followed by end-to-end suturing. This is followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy which helps in complete ablation of the cancer.

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